Job Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Job Reflection - Essay Example My job in the organization was to design measures to collect funds for those people. For this reason, there were frontline and rear marketing teams, which had the objectives of advertisements and finding sponsors respectively. I was in the Rear Team and my goal was to present HOPES mission to other companies and enterprises and asks for their kind help through charities. It looked a quite simple job at the first place, where I had to make calls and visit different companies where I can present them with my organization’s objective and what benefit they will get by contributing in our mission. However, it turned out to be an altogether different story as most of the people were least interested in even listening to the call. I was supposed to go for two visits per day, but this started looking very difficult to achieve. On my first visit to a company, my senior colleague accompanied me and my job was to analyze how he conveys the message and convince the next person to contribu te funds to HOPES. The most vital thing I learnt from my first visit was that in the business world, people look for their self interest before anything. Hence, in giving charity also, top level managers and executives are not really concerned with benefits it will give to humanity, but how it can be useful in generating more profits. So, the most important thing is to put the correct thing first and that is giving them information about the promotion strategies of our organization that can help increase brand visibility of their company. Another psychological fact that I understood in my first job was that every person can be fascinated by the same incentives. The perspective of an HR manager would be different from that of a sales manager and that is also an important consideration in business meetings (Skinner, 2008). For dealing with different people, I have to learn about the background of the person I’m dealing with and analyze the gap between their expectations and my understanding of it. In the second month, I did far better work than in the first month after better understanding the human physic and business behaviors. Applying the tool of team work also worked well in my job. In the following months, larger groups accompanied me and that increased the impact of our dealing with other office personnel. When we visited a manager in bigger groups, the first impression was of unity and strength among employees and proved useful in lifting the trust of other organizations’ managers in our team. A Theoretical Perspective These experiences of mine can all be related to the theories on Organizational Behavior. The Incentive Theory of Motivation can be best applied to the above reflective scenario. It suggests that people in the corporate world are always seeking for benefits and praises. These incentives can be a factor of their intrinsic or extrinsic motivation and can lead them to do extraordinary things. The Principle Agent Model, as illustr ated by Laffont, David Martimort, explains that the approach of people towards incentive vary with the kind of business and the nature of their job. Some people look for short term benefits and others seek out long term benefits. Therefore, it is essential to understand the need description of people to motivate them in buying something or doing business (Laffont & Martimort, 2002). This model defines that incentives can be in different forms and for this reason the need structure becomes further complex. My job was to motivate business people that doing charity in HOPES will be a good investment for their companies; as

The Relationship Between Sport And Tourism

The Relationship Between Sport And Tourism But most of all travel plans are made to develop an area not sufficiently focused on the development of local human resources.  That is increasingly isolated from the human resources of tourism development is carried out due to their inability to perform.  Tourism impact member or a significant impact on society, particularly to local residents, before holding an event should take into account the effects of these events on economic and socio-cultural community. Among the benefits of hosting the event of certain individuals. Example of hotel and resort operators, food and beverage business and craft vendors.  When the sports held their gains from the sales will increase because many tourists would come to visit shop.  In addition they can promote interesting products that have not been promoted by the dealer another dealer.  This will give opportunities to people to find out their sales results and the stability of the economy rose due to foreign currency exchange rates and thus can increase the balance of payments.  With the proceeds from the government to generate economic profit from the arrival of a large population. The role of the tourism event of the obvious aspects of the development of a tourism destination.  Organizing events for local causes many to take the initiative to venture into business small or open the talent of the individuals that had been extinguished in the self.  In addition to promoting tourism events for local communities to engage in commercial businesses such as souvenir. Making a traditional food that we can show it to tourists tourists who are interested in trying the food.  It is clearly evident to the tourists who have not been trying to eat that is not in their country.  For them there is a pride in themselves and serve as a memory. Organization of events events to encourage international investors to invest in a destination.  Because investors are interested in expanding income, because the destination has the potential to be developed or the capacity to be developed for the residents of flax and high member to investors that they are so lucrative for-profit business in the future. This was evident in 1990; the tourism development program is increasing awareness of its importance to the country because the existing strategic tourism events planned for the Province of Novel Scotia (Get, 1997).  Travel the international-class sporting event to benefit many local communities due to widespread support from the international.  To get a response from the tourists they must play a key role in attracting tourists to an tourist potential of sporting events and sports equipment in order to complete attractive to tourists.  With the efforts of the sport can improve the economy.  Because the requirements and needs of tourists should be introduced for sport activities or packages that are appropriate to the target market. Sports and tourism intertwined as an important topic since 1998, so that in 1999.Infrastructure construction and the arrival of more volunteers to help the economy in the region and to reduce the cost of development.  A total of four twenty two percent of the tourism events around the world are sports Sports Tourism International Council on tahun1994.  For a developing country hosting the event is an opportunity to help promote economic growth and social development and enhance the cooperation between many countries. Sports tourism funded from the company the international corporations that maintain high standards of corporate governance is good business is very important to help strengthen the brand for the organization or a union as well as to enhance a healthy culture of corporate responsibility.  Recommended the following measures to be implemented to build the confidence of investors is improving transparency and regulatory environment, In addition to helping the industry to create rules that increase the consistency of government policies to improve the dissemination of economic information.  In the administration of sports tourism is good not only a corporate body of law abiding, but finding the correct ethical approval.  Therefore, companies need to make the reporting of a State capable of development as an effort to improve the governance of a good business to enhance the economy of the country. There are a few factors that lead to views of local communities on tourism activities is important is that local communities have a connection and relationship of the foreign tourists.  When travelers receive good treatment from the local, it will have a positive impact on the satisfaction of tourists who visit.  Local community is the source of the taxpayer and directly benefits the government.  Because the income earned from the tourists to give a clear improvement or impact the economy.  In addition, a State can reduce the burden on any society when the economy becomes more member benefits. In conclusion, sports tourism continues to be the focus of foreign investors in the future due to political stability and implementation of business-friendly environment of inspiration.  In addition to plant model to attract investors because of disputes are rare. This is definitely sports tourism to give effect to the good example of a good exchange of tourists to boost the economy of the country and improved the level of good and Development.  Therefore the government should be is smart design of the first set before running the sport is not valid for the problems of the tourists.  For their arrival to give a point of pride for them, particularly Olympic sport. (991 Words)

Popularity, Physical Appearance, and the American Dream in Death of a S

For many, the â€Å"American Dream† is the hope for a future filled with success and fortune.   Although many may share the idea of the American Dream, each person has a different perception of what is necessary to achieve this goal.   Willy Loman, the lead character of Miller’s play, Death of a Salesman, believes that popularity and physical appearance are the keys that unlock the door to the â€Å"American Dream†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   We are first introduced to the importance of popularity and physical appearance when Willy is speaking to his wife, Linda, about their son Biff.   â€Å"Biff Loman is lost,† says Willy.   â€Å"In the greatest country in the world, a young man with such personal attractiveness gets lost.†Ã‚   In this quote, not only is Willy confused about how Biff’s good looks can’t help him get a job, b... ..., Ben, and the elderly man he encountered in his youth.  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Willy Loman truly believes that physical appearance and popularity are the keys to success - hard work is not necessary.   Because of Willy’s naive ideas, he is unable to reach his goal of achieving the American Dream. Work Cited Miller, Arthur. Death of a Salesman. Literature. Ed. Sylvan Bates New York: Longman, 1997.

After graduating Essay

After graduating from Ashford University with a Bachelor’s Degree in Child Development; , I am hoping to obtain a job working in the Public school system alongside the Pre-k teachers in implementing programs for Pre-k or become an owner of a childcare center. The nature of families and children in relation to society is important for my profession because in order to help improve the childcare center. I also hope to develop programs for Pre-k that children and their families will benefit from. I first need to know how the child’s family has a big impact on the child’s life and their ability to function in society. Not knowing anything about the child’s background, I feel like I won’t be able to do my job as best to my ability and give the child the appropriate guidance that they need to be successful. Every child is different and part of that comes from their family and home environment. This is what makes them unique and they bring that uniqueness to the classroom. Before we can try to understand the child we first need to understand the child as a whole, their background and family life. The knowledge that I have of the theories of socialization will impact my work in my future profession. This is because of the fact I will know what works and what’s best for the child and what doesn’t work. From experience I know that every child is different so what may work for one child won’t necessarily work for another child. Child’s have different temperament some kids are outgoing and outspoken while others are quiet and shy. The ones that are quiet and shy; I’ve learned you have to work harder at providing opportunities for them to work with other children. . By knowing the theories of socialization, I know what the family’s role is in socializing. The child and I know what my role as a teacher is in socializing the child. I also know what signs to look out for such as bullying and when a child is  having trouble. I also know that a child’s culture background has a lot to do with their socialization and I need to keep that i n mind. A lot of cultures do things differently, for instance, I may mistake a child’s not looking me in the eye as a sign of disrespect, but in some countries it is disrespectful for a child to look someone with authority in the eyes. Before I assume something about a child, I first need to get to know the child and learn about their culture. My understanding of child development will help assist me in my chosen profession because I will be able to help the parents and children that I will be working with. By being knowledgeable in child development I will be able to answer any questions that may arise from the parents. It will help me to do my job correctly and be able to bring out the best in the children I work with. It also gives me a chance to share my knowledge of child development with others. By knowing that each child goes through each stage of development at different times and knowing when a child may not be learning at the rate they are supposed to be, I may be able to catch a child that may have a learning disability because I know what signs to look for and when to notify the parents of any concerns. Also, by knowing what stage of development a child is in and what age, I will be able to implement the correct programs and activities for them that will challenge them. The nature of families and children in relation to society is important for my profession because in order to help improve the childcare center. I also hope to develop programs for Pre-k that children and their families will benefit from. I first need to know how the child’s family has a big impact on the child’s life and their ability to function in society. Not knowing anything about the child’s background, I feel like I won’t be able to do my job as best to my ability and give the child the appropriate guidance that they need to be successful. Every child is different and part of that comes from their family and home environment. This is what makes them unique and they bring that uniqueness to the classroom. I look forward to new door of opportunities that I will embark upon after recei ving my Bachelor Degree in Child Development.

Advanced Audio Coding and Walkman Essay

Technology has played an important in part in market and in the society. It has brought positive as well as negative changes. The progression from sheet music to the invention of a phonograph to the walkman, CD player and the iPod has created a modernized society. People tend to move along with these changes creating a market. The idea of transferring digital music to your iPod without purchase of a CD or an audiotape may seem like an extraordinary idea but the idea of digital music has led to the downloading of illegal music. The Walkman may have been the turning point in the music recording industry. It was a chain reaction for later products such as the iPod and the CD player. Long before the iPod made its way into the market making millions; the Walkman was the trendy technology. Sony introduced the Walkman in the 1970s, a new invention that led to be a massive hit. Sony ended up selling around fifty thousand pieces by the end of two months after its release. Eventually, other famous brands such as Toshiba and Panasonic entered the walkman market creating a market in the early 1980s. Surprisingly, the production of the Walkman led to an increase in physical activities. This portable device could be carried anywhere and had a hook to attach to any item of clothing. People started exercising more as one can listen to his or her choice of music while working out especially in gymnasiums. This brought a change in the society as people began to implement physical training more often. This also had a disadvantage since people who had their headphones plugged in tend to be more indifferent to their surroundings. This created an environment, where everyone is tuned in into their little environment being oblivious to what is happening around them. With the creation of walkman, the sale of digital audio tapes also increased. As iPods are the 21st century popular forms of music player technology, the walkman was the latest thing. This generation became more ‘wired’ as teenagers started to grow apart from the notion of young people together singing the songs of the day or the old songs in front of their houses. Sheet music became obsolete, as fewer and fewer people moved to a more modernized technology and era. Comparing to the advances in the 21st century, the walkman is seen as an old portable audio cassette player, where rewinding and forwarding a song would take twenty or thirty seconds. The latest music technology, mp3s or iPod, have put people at an ease with sophisticated technology and its touch screen display has bought a change in this profit-making business. The slick structure and the advanced A Walkman today would cost you merely twenty dollar where as an iPod can cost anywhere from a hundred to a couple hundred dollars. How digital music is illegally downloaded and used today on music players, Walkman on the other hand required the purchase of audiotapes. As Paul Du Gay notes in his book ‘Doing cultural studies: the story of the Sony Walkman’, the walkman accustomed individuals to tune out from the surroundings and caused them to be reclusive. This also led to a cause of a gneration gap between teenagers and their parents or older siblings. The walkman was used by people when in crowded places, such as trains or buses as a means to drown away noises. This seemed as an effective way to creating your own space but this eventually leads to people tuning themselves out even when at home. Teenagers liked to keep their headphones on throughout the day; I believe this led to a distance between them and their peers. Eventually, a type of distance grew among people, sheet music was nearly extinct and the customary ritual of singing together was far disappeared. In conclusion, the Walkman has definitely been a jump from the traditional tape recorder players to portable audio players. Its creation has had its advantages and disadvantages. The increase in the level of physical activity has increased among the owners of Walkman due to the fact that it is portable. Although, on a downside the Walkman has also led to the creation of a secluded attitude.

The Culture Of The Philippines †English Essay

The Culture Of The Philippines – English Essay Free Online Research Papers The Culture Of The Philippines English Essay Both my parents were born in the Philippines. They came here to the United States because of the higher standard of living. The rest of the family was also raised for the majority of their lives in the Philippines. However, my brother and I were raised here. Being this way, every now and then are some generational and cultural conflicts within the family. My parents arrived in the United States during the 1970’s. My brother was born in 1975 and I was born 9 years later. Not only is there a cultural difference between the rest of the family, but also a semi-generational difference between my brother and myself. In the Philippines, it is, from my understanding, a strict custom to always show respect to your elders, never talk back, and take care of your elders. However, here in the US, it generally isn’t so with the new modern culture emerging. The American culture emphasizes equality, and the by-product of this is that sometimes power-conflicts may come up from time to time. Equally so, people have the chance to voice their own opinion, and on some levels, it may seem as rude or a challenge to others. In the Philippines, you take care of your relatives when they age. Here, there is the concept of retirement homes. The Philippine culture also is very conservative, while the American culture tends to lean on the more liberal side. When you address others in the Philippine culture, you show your respect on where you stand. For example, when you call or talk to older relatives, you address them as tita/tito (aunt/uncle), kuya/ate (older brother/sister). Here in the United States, other than calling someone Aunt or Uncle, it is usually not done. There are many differences between the Philippine and American culture that it can cause problems and misunderstandings from within the family. A recent example was a misunderstanding on who washes the dishes. Part of the cause was also miscommunication, but was resolved soon after. Every now and then there is the occasional argument because of cultural conflict, and between my brother from generational conflict. My brother sees things differently than I do. Being a nine-year difference between us, he tends to think long-term goals and small things, whereas I think short-term goals and the overall picture. He still treats me as his younger brother and that leads to arguments sometimes. Although the family has nearly a distinct line between generational and cultural differences, there is always some point at which we all agree. We see the differences and come to terms. Just recently, some relatives came in from the Philippines and brought a fresh set of Filipino culture with them, but everyone, including them, adapted very quickly with changes. Research Papers on The Culture Of The Philippines - English EssayAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeQuebec and Canada19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XHip-Hop is ArtPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenWhere Wild and West MeetHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married Males

Medical Esthetics Essays

Medical Esthetics Essays Medical Esthetics Paper Medical Esthetics Paper Essay Topic: Medical Medical esthetics is an evolving field in the therapeutic and medical sphere. It specializes in the use of advanced cosmetic lasers and other treatments to treat a full spectrum of both cosmetic and medical conditions that range from vascular and pigmented skin imperfections, hair removal, skin rejuvenation, and collagen regeneration, to more physically and emotionally debilitating conditions such as cystic acne and acne scarring, Rosacea removal and scar reduction to name just a few. Medical estheticians adopt holistic approaches in treating their patients’ conditions. They look at the cause of a condition rather than just the symptoms to formulate an effective treatment plan. According to the American Medical Aesthetics (AMA) corporation, this concept is vital in order to deliver exceptional results for which medical esthetics have come to be known, with little or no downtime. The AMA Corporation says further, â€Å"Lasers are unique in their ability to specifically target tissues below the surface of the skin and transfer energy to the root cause. By understanding each laser’s purpose, we can treat the condition with just enough energy from the right combination of laser frequencies to precisely affect the tissue. We look for what is called the ‘therapeutic threshold,’ which is the exact amount of energy needed to get a desired result – eliminating the downtime that is associated with over treating an area. † Esthetics is a rapidly emerging profession which specializes in skin and body care. There has evolved two types of practice in relation to esthetics. One is cosmetic esthetics and medical esthetics. Though both are concerned with enhancing the beauty of a client’s skin, cosmetic esthetics is limited to using make-up/cosmetic ingredients, their chemistry and use, and some skin care treatments offered in salons. The procedures that cosmetic estheticians perform include the following: organic, European and American facials; waxing and exfoliation; face, hand arm massage; cleansing and toning techniques; enzymes, ampoules, finishing masks; makeup/cosmetic ingredients, their chemistry and use; the basic anatomy and physiology of the skin; skin analysis and special treatments; and use of electrical current and esthetics equipment. While career opportunities for cosmetic estheticians may be any one of the following: Commercial Makeup Artist; Skin Technician; Cosmetic Merchandising; Cosmetics Sales; Cosmetic Buyer; Product Promotion; Skin Care Salon Owner; Teacher of Esthetics; Cruise Ship Esthetician. Medical esthetics, on the other hand, is concerned about the effects of time, lifestyle stressors, and even environmental stresses that can harm the skin. Therefore, maintenance treatments are necessary to prolong and enhance healthier more beautiful skin. The Medical Aestheticians are licensed skin care practitioners who perform the critical function of performing extractions and skin nourishing treatments as well as designing a home care regimen for each patient that assists the patient in remaining engaged in long term care and maintenance. These medical estheticians also perform customized facials so treatment results are better. And with these, patients are handled with TLC or tender love and care. As patients are under the long-term care of medical estheticians, they are able to maximize the results achieved by laser procedures. Medical estheticians are considered specialists who invest heavily in the tools of their trade. They invest in multiple lasers, as well as the most advanced, state-of-the-art lasers for the purpose of treating a wide variety of conditions and skin types. Their approach in treating various skin conditions is holistic, meaning to be a medical esthetician is to be interested in getting to the root cause of a condition to treat it at the source, rather than just treating surface conditions that are often a temporary solution. And for them, education is an ongoing process for the benefit of their patients. They continually educate themselves about the latest modalities in skin care in order to deliver consistent results time and again. The medical estheticians also educate their patients so they may better understand how their treatment interacts with their whole body and thereby help them achieve significant results. The job market for medical estheticians is extensive. Medical estheticians may launch and build a medical esthetics practice by setting up their own clinics, manage a clinic, teach in the field of medical esthetics, become a patient coordinator; go into marketing management, and more. Due to expanded clinical responsibilities in plastic surgeons and dermatologists practices expert esthetic clinicians with broad educational backgrounds and the appropriate credentials are urgently needed and are in great demand. According to the Victoria L. Rayner’s Center for Appearance and Esteem, the critical deficiency in supply of properly trained medical estheticians for health care services is widely recognized as a serious problem by practicing physicians. This is because physicians tend to complain often of the limited competence of inadequately trained personnel. Hence, accredited estheticians that have been properly trained and certified are being sought and hired. Medical estheticians may perform various procedures and some of these are the following: HBOT or Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy; computer complexion analysis; laser facelift; laser surgery procedure for pigmented discoloration of the skin such as color blending and age or sun spot removal; laser procedure for vascular discoloration like defined veins, broken capillaries, cherry angioma, generalized redness and microvasculature, and rosacea. They may also offer laser procedure for deep collagen regeneration and remodeling; laser procedure for â€Å"peel and resurfacing† or accelerated epidermal regeneration; and laser procedure for amber led photo-modulation. Other procedures performed include but are not limited to: pigmented lesion removal; age spot removal; age spot reduction; melasma reduction; cystic acne reduction / removal; spider vein laser removal (varicose vein removal / reduction); epidermal laser peel; dermal collagen remodeling procedures to remove surgical scars, acne scars, and stretch marks; permanent hair removal; dermal rejuvenation to treat wrinkles; Botox treatment; Restylane, an FDA-approved dermal filler; medical spas; and wrinkle reduction. Medical estheticians have more edge when it comes to knowledge and practice of esthetics. They may know what the cosmetic estheticians know and practice plus more. This is because medical estheticians become experts through training in cosmetically camouflaging and normalizing the appearance of disfigured patients aside from being knowledgeable in all aspects of camouflage therapy; they are also well equipped when it comes to dermatologic diagnosis and treatment methods, commonly prescribed medications for skin conditions (topical systemic), including the investigation of OTC medications. Other areas of expertise to medical estheticians which can be of more profit to them are the following: acne management; cellular rejuvenation; allergies and inflammatory disorders commonly seen by dermatologists; eczema and the medical estheticians role in its management; erythema and telangiectasia; positive and negative aspects of facial treatments; age associated skin changes, exploration of the causes of aging and how to minimize its effects; photosensitivity; pre-cancers of the skin; laser therapy; reactions to cosmetics; categorizing standard cosmetic formulations; the difference between drugs and cosmetics; facts about cleansing preparation; exploring micropigmentation; and indications of hormonal dysfunctions.

Self-Contained Classrooms

Self-Contained Classrooms Self-contained classrooms are classrooms specifically designated for children with disabilities. Self-contained programs are usually indicated for children with more serious disabilities who may not be able to participate in general education programs at all. These disabilities include autism, emotional disturbances, severe intellectual disabilities, multiple handicaps and children with serious or fragile medical conditions.  Students assigned to these programs have often been assigned to less restrictive (see LRE) environments and have failed to succeed, or they started in targeted programs designed to help them succeed. Requirements LRE (Least Restrictive Environment) is the legal concept found in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act that requires schools to place children with disabilities most like the settings where their general education peers will be taught. School districts are required to offer a full continuum of placements from the most restrictive (self-contained) to the least restrictive (full inclusion.) Placements should be made in the best interest of the children rather than the convenience of the school. Students placed in self-contained classrooms should be spending some time in the general education environment, if only for lunch.  The goal of an effective self-contained program is to increase the amount of time that the student spends in the general education environment.  Often students in self-contained programs go to specials art, music, physical education or humanities, and participate with the support of classroom para-professionals.  Students in programs for children with emotional disturbances usually spend part of their day on an expanding basis in the appropriate grade level class.  Their academics may be supervised by the general education teacher while they receive support from their special education teacher in managing difficult or challenging behaviors.  Often, in the course of a successful year, the student may move from self-contained to a less restrictive setting, such as resource or even consult. The only placement more restrictive than a self-contained classroom is a residential placement, where students are in a facility that is as much treatment as it is education. Some districts have special schools made up of only self-contained classrooms, which might be considered halfway between self-contained and residential since the schools are not close to students homes. Other Names Self-contained settings, Self-contained programs Example: Due to Emilys anxiety and self-injurious behavior, her IEP team decided that a self-contained classroom for students with Emotional Disturbances would be the best place to keep her safe.

Whether the Code of Ethics is an Effective Way of Effective Media Essay

Whether the Code of Ethics is an Effective Way of Effective Media Practice - Essay Example The emergence of developed techno-economic paradigm inevitably increases greater attention of the organisations or the agencies in order to revitalise their overall economic performance. According to the recent practices of the media and communication organisations it has been recognised that the codes of media related practices have drawn major interest towards increasing attention on a particular media enquiry, which has transformational influence on the overall communication and media industry (Christians, 2009). Moreover, the codes of practices also have been recognised to draw attention about any required changes in the media and communication policies in order to contribute to a transformational economy. However, ethics or the codes of media practices in Australia has also been recognised to bring major hurdles for the country’s media and communication industry in terms of substantially improving the media performance of the organisations (Media Entertainment & Arts Alli ance, 2013). Few of the key roles played by the ethics/codes of media practices have been critically described in the following sections. According to the current media and communication of Australia, the codes of ethics has long been witnessed to play a pivotal role not only to increase community awareness, but it also has major contribution on the transformational economic growth of the nation. The code of ethics of the nation has also been recognised in securing best practices of the media and communication organisations along with their wide range of practices. The codes of ethics in Australian media industry possess relatively simple and clearly identifiable factors that determine to improve efficiency of the organisations. The code of ethics of the country relies basically on four major factors, including honesty, fairness, independence and respect for the rights and liberties of others (Australian Press Council, 2014). In the context of honesty, conserving the way of honestly reporting and interpreting essential facts has been identified as a set of common and relatively best practices in the Australian ethical codes of media practices. In order to meet the requirement of honesty in response to the ethical codes, the process of striving accuracy along with fairness and revelation of each essential fact can be dully accepted towards securing ethical media practices across the nation (Australian Press Council, 2014).  

Law of Intellectual Property 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Law of Intellectual Property 2 - Essay Example Legal issues that arise out of the case under consideration is whether there has been any infringement on the part of Julian who has used the photographs and paintings which Techno Ltd has compiled in a DVD under licence from Howard who is the owner of the original photographs and paintings. Whether Julian has committed the act of secondary infringement? Whether Julian is liable to Techno ltd which makes the DCD under licence or to Howard, the original owner or to both. Artistic work Section 4(1) (a) defines an â€Å"artistic work† to include photograph among other items regardless of artistic quality. S 4(2) (a) & (b) define â€Å"graphic work† to include â€Å"any painting, drawing, diagram, map, chart, or plan and any engraving, etching, lithograph, woodcut or similar work. Section 12 prescribes duration of a copyright in artistic work among other items as 70 years expiring at the end of the 70th year from the calendar year in which the author dies. If the work is c omputer generated, duration ends at the 50th year from the end calendar year in which the work was made. This means that copyrights subsists during the life time of the author of a literary work and continues for 70 or 50 years after his death as the case may be. In the present case copy right on the photographs of Howard’s grandfather can be argued to have expired in 2008 i.e 70 years from the year of death of Howard’s grandfather. Most of the artistic works however are Howard’s own and he is entitled to copyrights over his own photographs during his lifetime plus 70 years (N.A., 2007). Under the Copyrights, Designs, Patents Act 1988, (CDPA) it is an offence to carry out the following restricted acts without the owner’s consent. The acts are copying the work, renting, lending or issuing copies of the works in public, perform, broadcast or show the work in public. And adapt the work (UKCCS, 2000). Howard’s engagement of Techno Ltd to compile a digi tal data base includes all that he possesses and it may amount to secondary works since the data base would include his late grandfather’s artistic works. Secondary works are also original works since compilation involves ‘skill labour and judgement’. In Warwick Films v Elsinger (1969), the defendant’s claim that the books copied from were not original works was countered by the court as both books as original as they had undergone considerable selection from the manuscripts to constitute originality (Colston & Galloway, 2010, p. 293). The data base has been licensed to Techno ltd by Howard and both decide to include data base of their DVD the shipping directory published by Ship Ltd. This DVD has now been acquired by Julian exploits the information contained in the DD for his own book meant for children using the photographs and paintings of Howard. In the absence of terms and conditions of license, it is assumed that they both have become co-owners of th e copy rights for the contents of the DVD. By publishing Howard’s grandfather photographs that remained unpublished even after 70 years of his death now in the DVD, they both acquire what is called â€Å"publication right† that is equivalent to â€Å"copy right† which however enjoys protection only for 25 years from the year of publication In this connection, an exclusive license should be in writing and signed by the owner. This authorizes the licensee to the exclusion of all other

Concert report on our school concert Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Concert report on our school concert - Essay Example The concert started with Hanacpachap Cussicuinin, which reminded old heroic epics by its every sound. After beautiful Intrada 1631 by Stephen Montague, choristers performed liturgical music by Cayetano Pagueras. The cycle of three pieces, which were different in their tempo and character, was full of spiritual power that made people become a part of something bigger, mysterious and sacred. Chà ´ros No. 10 by Heitor Villa-Lobos made a big contrast because it was less harmonic and more complicated in its structure and sounding. Impressive combination of music and vocal again proved the fact that music could communicate the message of the composer better than words. After a short intermission, choristers performed The Promise of Living. It was the most beautiful and pure piece in the program of the concert. It reminded of childhood memories, home and beauty that surrounds those sacred places that dwelled somewhere deep in my heart. Maracatu de Chico Rei was the last piece in the program. It was quite long and consisted of 8 parts. It expressed the power of living through music and traced great Latin rhythms. Overall, it was a great concert and a little journey to Latin America. All pieces performed during the concert were associated with different aspects of living. All of them were beautiful and each attendee could found the tune to fall in love with. Hopefully, it would repeat the future and I would be able to feel the power of Latin American choral music once

Asset pricing models (CAPM and APT) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Asset pricing models (CAPM and APT) - Essay Example The information of risk observed in similar types of the asset in the market will help the investor to get a true picture towards acquiring the asset. The observed risk factors will help in determining the real value of that asset (Kerzner & Saladis, 2010). There are many small investors who are the price taker. There is no tax on the asset. Investment should be of public related assets for example: shares and bonds. All the investors are adopting same strategy and provide combine information about the asset (Fabozzi et al., 2006). Investor can get information from the market to apply CAPM model, but it is also possible that the information is incomplete or not at large practiced. The investors in market applying CAPM pricing model are basically small investors. Small investors usually buy little bit stocks of asset and sell if the price of that asset increased (KÃ ¼rschner, 2008). The risk factor cannot be perfectly determined by the small investors because they acquire the assets on equilibrium price set by the market. Small investors can take risk but valuable risk factor can be determined by the large investors. Although tax on the asset is generally added to the cost of the asset but in determining the price model of CAPM, the tax factor will not be included. The information regarding the particular asset does not contain the information of tax imposed on it (Loskamp, 2007). APT is the model which can provide well diversified information about the risk factors as well as expected returns of that asset. Agents are appointed under this model to get information quite reliable regarding the risk and returns of an asset. Agent provides the expected returns of the asset depending on his experience. Risk factor calculated by the agent is more preferable because it is actually based on the whole market review (Focardi & Fabozzi, 2004). The agents charge price for providing information of the asset. Investor has to choose the agent which has the

Phase 4 Individual Project 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Phase 4 Individual Project 2 - Assignment Example There was a keen and clear understanding that percolated through the organization: the company would focus on the discovery of ‘New Chemical Entities’ (or NCEs) and work towards the development of such molecules into viable drugs for sale in the market. The business goal of the company was to be a ‘market leader’ in the field of Drug discovery and research. The various laboratory instruments and equipment were chosen for procurement, based on the planned service capabilities of the company. Our company had invested in top quality bio-safety cabinets, laminar airflow chambers, gel documentation systems, liquid chromatography systems, flow cytometers and incubators, to name a few. The laboratory set up involved bulk investment of capital and recruitment of scientific personnel to handle such precision instruments. Clients were given tours of the laboratory facility and audits were managed professionally. This brought a good reputation to the company and soon, the company won its first major client: one of the ‘Top 10 Pharma companies’ of the nation! Pilot R&D studies were successfully conducted in the laboratory and the client was satisfied with the level of work and commitment. A few months in to the project from its first ever client, our company received a query to conduct ‘Clinical Trials’ on a particular drug that was discovered elsewhere. The management was keen to capitalize on such a wonderful opportunity that came along! ‘Clinical Research’ is indeed a dimension very different from ‘Drug Research and Development’; yet, it was lucrative since it promised good earnings in a much shorter duration. Our company’s senior management consisted of a Managing Director (who was not from the Life Sciences background), a President (who was a figure head) and a Chief Operating Officer (who was specialized in consulting services). The Head of the R&D facility was consulted for expert a dvice on this new project. After a few rounds of internal discussion, the management decided to go ahead with bidding for this Clinical Research project. The client insisted on several rounds of negotiation to which our company acceded. The final quote (which ultimately won the deal) was the lowest bid amongst all the local competitors. There were huge celebrations for winning the project and the existing employees were highly motivated and enthusiastic! The client expressed his urgency to begin the project with immediate effect. The Head of the R&D facility was now required to devote his time to the new project (though it meant a stark deviation from his original job responsibilities), owing to the project’s criticality. Resources were hastily recruited for the sole purpose of meeting the demands of this project. New departments such ‘Clinical Operations’, ‘Clinical Data Management’ and ‘Regulatory Affairs’ were formed in order to cater to the sudden requirements of the ‘clinical research’ sector. The Human Resource Development team was under extreme pressure to recruit the right resources in a very short span of time. The then existing Senior Management arranged for the legal documentation in the absence of a dedicated ‘Business team’. The project timelines and the milestones for payment proposed by the Sponsor (client) were quickly accepted by our company, in a bid to initiate this major project. A ‘Project Kick – Off meeting’ was arranged to formally commence the proceedings. A

Finance for Business Decisions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Finance for Business Decisions - Essay Example Figure value depicts the trend of share price of the said bank. Westpac Bank share prices from 2008 to 2013 The figure clearly reveals some certain trends in the share process of this bank. From the figure it can be derived that there has been continuous ups and downs in the share value of this bank; which is quite normal and does not bother investors much. In the seventh month of 2008; the share price was below $20 i.e. $ 18.68; but during the year share value reached to the maximum of $ 25.05 but at the year end the price was somewhere around $ 16.63. The average price of share in this year was $ 20.6505. Moving further the year 2008-09 showed again a mixed trend where the highest value of share was around $ 27.23. However share price figure at the end of year is $ 28.95; showing a decreasing trend followed by an increasing trend. Year by Year Analysis Year by Year Share price of Westpac Bank A simple picture above shows the year by year trend in the share price of Westpac Bank. An d it can be easily derived from the chart that in the year one the price was slightly above than $20 but in the year 2013 the price ended at around $30. There is a significant increase in the price of around $ 10; but again a thorough analysis is required to evaluate the price increase in the shares. However it is an increasing trend and very encouraging for any investor. ... From the organization available the best option for comparison of Westpac Bank can only be Commonwealth Bank of Australia. Many justifications could be presented for this option; for instance both organizations are financial institutions, both of the banks operate in Australia, both of these banks are listed on the same stock markets and both of these banks are subjected to same macro-economic conditions. Commonwealth Bank of Australia Same like Westpac Bank it is essential here to get a pictorial view of the trends of the share prices of Commonwealth Bank of Australia so that a comprehensive comparison could be carried out for both of the banks. Share Prices Trend of Commonwealth Bank of Australia The picture clearly states that the share price trend of the bank is in an increasing trend. The share prices were lowest in the year 2008 at around $21 but then the bank managed either to increase its share price or at least maintain its share prices. There are minor shrinks in the share process but these seem to be quite insignificant. And hence it is right to say that Commonwealth bank of Australia has brilliantly managed to live upto the expectations of its investors. Yearly Trends Same as we did for Westpac Bank it will be useful here too; to have a year by year analysis of the share prices of this bank. The trend can be shown in the picture below. Year by Year Analysis of Share Price of CBA From the picture above it is quite clear that the performance of Commonwealth Bank is quite good since hardly any decreasing trends could be found in this chart. From the previous year share prices have either increased significantly or at least have been static there is as such no decreasing trend here. Most importantly4 the

Phase 4 Individual Project 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Phase 4 Individual Project 2 - Assignment Example There was a keen and clear understanding that percolated through the organization: the company would focus on the discovery of ‘New Chemical Entities’ (or NCEs) and work towards the development of such molecules into viable drugs for sale in the market. The business goal of the company was to be a ‘market leader’ in the field of Drug discovery and research. The various laboratory instruments and equipment were chosen for procurement, based on the planned service capabilities of the company. Our company had invested in top quality bio-safety cabinets, laminar airflow chambers, gel documentation systems, liquid chromatography systems, flow cytometers and incubators, to name a few. The laboratory set up involved bulk investment of capital and recruitment of scientific personnel to handle such precision instruments. Clients were given tours of the laboratory facility and audits were managed professionally. This brought a good reputation to the company and soon, the company won its first major client: one of the ‘Top 10 Pharma companies’ of the nation! Pilot R&D studies were successfully conducted in the laboratory and the client was satisfied with the level of work and commitment. A few months in to the project from its first ever client, our company received a query to conduct ‘Clinical Trials’ on a particular drug that was discovered elsewhere. The management was keen to capitalize on such a wonderful opportunity that came along! ‘Clinical Research’ is indeed a dimension very different from ‘Drug Research and Development’; yet, it was lucrative since it promised good earnings in a much shorter duration. Our company’s senior management consisted of a Managing Director (who was not from the Life Sciences background), a President (who was a figure head) and a Chief Operating Officer (who was specialized in consulting services). The Head of the R&D facility was consulted for expert a dvice on this new project. After a few rounds of internal discussion, the management decided to go ahead with bidding for this Clinical Research project. The client insisted on several rounds of negotiation to which our company acceded. The final quote (which ultimately won the deal) was the lowest bid amongst all the local competitors. There were huge celebrations for winning the project and the existing employees were highly motivated and enthusiastic! The client expressed his urgency to begin the project with immediate effect. The Head of the R&D facility was now required to devote his time to the new project (though it meant a stark deviation from his original job responsibilities), owing to the project’s criticality. Resources were hastily recruited for the sole purpose of meeting the demands of this project. New departments such ‘Clinical Operations’, ‘Clinical Data Management’ and ‘Regulatory Affairs’ were formed in order to cater to the sudden requirements of the ‘clinical research’ sector. The Human Resource Development team was under extreme pressure to recruit the right resources in a very short span of time. The then existing Senior Management arranged for the legal documentation in the absence of a dedicated ‘Business team’. The project timelines and the milestones for payment proposed by the Sponsor (client) were quickly accepted by our company, in a bid to initiate this major project. A ‘Project Kick – Off meeting’ was arranged to formally commence the proceedings. A

Speech Outline - INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION Essay

Speech Outline - INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION - Essay Example In the absence of intercultural communication skills, one is likely to confusion and misunderstanding Good communication does not necessarily mean that one has to use perfectly structured sentences or paragraphs. Good communication is not about slickness. With it, simplicity and transparency go a long way.† To overcome the cultural barriers and limitations encountered when entering new territory, its necessary for organizations to identify and understand the cultural differences that exist in various communities across to avoid damaging business relations in the foreign territory. Various theories have been suggested, however, the set the principles that govern the interpretation of the basics of intercultural communication. These theories help in handling possible areas of conflict by issuing a basic instruction on how to address situations. These guidelines help mitigate conflict among converging but distinct ethnic groups (Marcel, 1997). The fundamental skills of intercultural relations are established communications skills applied universally by people from diverse cultures and races (Hall, 1989). These skills take into consideration the cultural limitations; examples include listening without judging, repetition and accountability, giving suggestions and acknowledging a comprehensive education and or reasoning in this case. Considering the skills with the hope of gaining respect from others, which is a common language in all over the world and the only way to succeed it is to respect others, though it is through that they also learn to respect you. When attention is established, the rest of the transmission system can be successful because an exemplary learning environment is created for the both parties involved. Terminologies within the cross-cultural communications sector can sometimes be baffling to those reading the documentation, websites or promotional material. Many examine the difference between intercultural and cross cultural’.

Soft Computing Based Model for Trip Production

Soft Computing Based Model for Trip Production Synopsis  On  A Soft Computing based model for Trip Production and Attraction 1. Area of the Proposed Research work Computer Science Applications 2. Research Topic A Soft Computing based model for Trip Production and Attraction 3. Aim and Objectives of research work The aim and objectives of this research is to develop a soft computing based model for trip production, trip attraction mode-wise traffic pattern in Delhi Urban area keeping in view the development polices of the Delhi Master Plan 2021. The proposed model will greatly help in analytical study of the resulting traffic pattern and its forecasting for future city plans. For modeling and analysis of urban transportation system, Delhi has been selected as the study zone. Data on urban activities and traffic flow was collected from the concerned agencies. Delhi, being the Capital of India, is the main center of socio-economic, political as well as cultural activities of the country. Delhi acts as a major center of trade and commerce. The major share of travel needs of Delhi commuters is road based transport system. 4. Literature Review This section focuses on the review of Literature for the study. It is comprises of the topics, related to general facts about the urban transport system. The early trip generation models, based on aggregate data, predicted total trips between city pairs. The modeling methods generally include regression models, cross-classification analysis, or a combination of both. These methods still have applications due to their mathematical feasibility, data availability, and ease of interpretation (USDOT, 1999). Kiron Chatterjee and Andrew Gordon (2006), focuses on the alternative for the Great Britain future scenarios in the year 2030 and the implications they have for transport provision and travel demand. Kiron Chatterjee and Andrew Gordon (2006) develop a National transport model to predict the national road traffics. In order to take income as a constraint for estimating trip generation there is no mathematical model under this aspect. Also, in the developing countries like India wide income disparity is there which can also plays a leading role in trip generation process. Gravity models are signifying the idea of establishing trip distributions process. In Gravity model, the entries of the Origin-Destination matrix are understood to be a feature of the trip counts and other parameters. The main problem of the gravity model is in the measurement of travel cost. This model has been corroborated numerous times as a basic underlying aggregate association (Levinson and Kumar 1995). For the analysis zones separated by a sizeable distances, the gravity model can work properly. But, the denominator approaches to infinity as the distance between locations decreases. In year 1947, Dantzig created the Linear Programming problem as well as offered the simplex method as its solution of Linear Programming. The simplex method was come in existence in year 1951. A simplex method is an iterative process which works along the boundaries of the problems in feasible region to find a solution of the problem. Also, the simplex method still remains the widely known solution finding technique for solving Linear Programming problems. But, the available option on the bases of Linear Programming was not successful in practice. Estimation of trip distribution is a challenging task for future period. In order to compare the performance of intervening opportunity model, gravity model, intervening opportunity model Wilmot et.al (2006) was conducted a study. With the help of this comparison of observed trips and predicted trips, the study recommended that the traditional urban transportation planning trip distribution models are able to model trip distribution at the cumulative level, and that all models traditional models have achieved similar performance and they similar bottlenecks as well. Anthony Chen et.al (2012) presented a basic planning tool particularly targeted at small (Metropolitan Planning Organization) MPOs was proposed to model the system traffic for the planning applications. This tool made use of PFE (Path Flow Estimator) for both the base year estimation as well as the future year predictions with some accessible field and planning data that can be available in public domains. For this tool no formal validation is done Richter.et.al (2012) presented a model based on the logit model. The model is complex. The logit modal choice association states that the probability of selecting a mode for a trip is depend on the relative values of numerous factors such level-of-service, and travel time etc. The complex part of employing the logit modal choice model is to estimating the parameters that can be assigned for the variables presents in the utility function, so the accuracy of this logit model is not ensured. Daniel et.al 2013, developed a inter-urban trip generation model for AkwaIbom, Nigeria, which is based on the multiple regression analysis model for forecasting future patterns. However, in a trip generation model, based on regression approach is used due to the somewhat cumbersome formulation of a choice model for frequency choice. The composite variable that would represent the service characteristics of destinations is excluded. Here, the trip generation is not based on utility maximization and the interrelationship between the trip frequencies. 5. Methodology of the research work Following figure 5.1 shows the flow of work and the model development for trip generation (trip production and trip attraction) model presented in section 5.1, the model development for trip distribution model discussed in section 5.2 and model development for Mode-choice model discussed in section 5.3. Figure 5.1: Flow of work. 5.1 Model Development for Trip Generation (Trip Production and Trip Attraction) Trip generation Process widely used for forecasting travel demands. Therefore trip generation Process is divided into two parts: Trip attraction Trip Production 5.1.1. Model for Trip Production Trip Production process focuses on the total number of trips produced from the city. For empirical implementation of the Trip production model, Artificial Neural Network System (ANN) is used on the available data. The model was trained using data of the year 2003 2004 and validated on data of the year 2005. Whole process of model implementation including training and validation is accomplished in the following steps. Socio-economic data of all the zones are collected. ANN in MATLAB is used to train the model on the dataset for the year 2003 and 2004. The mode model result is validated using data set for the year 2005. Finally, trip production model is used for forecasting of the Number of passenger’s trips production for the year 2021. 5.1.2. Model for Trip attraction Trip attraction process focuses on the total number of trips attracted by the city. For empirical implementation of the trip attraction model, Artificial Neural Network System (ANN) is used on the available data. The model was trained using data of the year 2003 2004 and validated with data for the year 2005. Whole process of model implementation including training and validation is accomplished in the following steps. Socio-economic data of all the zones are collected. ANN in MATLAB is used to train the model on the dataset for the year 2003 and 2004 and then The mode model result is validated using data set for the year 2005. Finally, trip attraction model is used for forecasting of the Number of passenger’s trips attraction for the year 2021. While validation, it was observed that the result produced by the model is very close to the actual data. The average error estimated during the validation phase is low and minimum error is only 0.8%. 5.2 Model development for Trip distribution Trip distribution Process traveler origins and destinations to developed a â€Å"trip table† that displays the number of trips going from every origin zone to every destination zone. For empirical implementation of the trip distribution model, Genetic Algorithm is used on the available data Whole process of model implementation including training and comparison is accomplished in the following steps. Socio-economic data of all the zones are collected. Genetic Algorithm model in MATLAB is used to implement this model on the data set to compute trip distribution for all the zones in DUA. Finally, Comparisons with of results of Linear Programming model done Finally, comparison of Genetic Algorithm based trip distribution model with traditional linear programming is made. The result achieved from traditional Linear Programming Based Model is not up to the mark as the number of input variables increases linear programming based model gives infeasible solution. 5.3 Model development for Mode-choice model Mode choice Process Trip distributions zonal interchange analysis yields a set of origin destination tables followed by; mode choice analysis allows the modeler to determine which mode of transport will be used. For empirical implementation of the mode-choice model, Adaptive Neural Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) is used with surveyed data. The model was trained using survey data for the month February 2013 and March 2013 and validated with on the survey data for the month April 2013. Whole process of model implementation including training and validation is accomplished in the following steps. Data collection from survey at different transit stations for different time periods. ANFIS toolbox in MATLAB is used to train the model for one data set of the month February 2013 and then The model parameters are modified using the second data set of the month March 2013 and Finally the mode model result is validated using data set of the month April 2013. The model is implemented using Adaptive Neural fuzzy Inference System for peak period of work trips in Delhi urban area. The machine learning result is found quite satisfactory with validation error being as low as 0.68%. 6. Data Collection Data on house hold population and socio-economic activities such as commercial centers, Government offices, educational institutions, and health care system were collected from Delhi Transport Corporation, Delhi Development Authority, Municipal Corporation of Delhi, C.R.R.I. (Central Road Research Institute) and also for data collection survey were conducted at transit stations where passengers have option for mode choice. 7. Implementation Result For empirical implementation of the trip production and attraction model Artificial Neural Network System (ANN) is used. While validation it was observed that the result produced by these models is very close to the actual data. The average error estimated during the validation trip production and attraction model phase is low and minimum error is only 0.8%. For empirical implementation of the trip distribution model Genetic Algorithm is used. Trip Distribution model is applied on the real set of data which gives acceptable solution which is easily applicable and compared with other models such as Linear Programming model as well. The result achieved from traditional Linear Programming Based Model is not up to the mark as the number of input variables increases linear programming based model gives infeasible solution. For empirical implementation of the proposed model Adaptive Neural Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) is used. While validation it was observed that the result produced by the model is very close to the survey data. The average error estimated during the validation phase is low and minimum error is only 0.68%. 8. Impact of Research The transportation system being multidisciplinary system requires integration and co-ordination of various agencies. This includes STA (State Transport Authority), PWD (Public Works Department), DTC (Delhi Transport Corporation), DDA (Delhi Development Authority) and DMRC (Delhi Metro Rail Corporation) as well. The following table shows the impact of research in academics and industry. 9. Chapter wise contents Chapter 1 This chapter introduces the research subject giving its background and developments in the last decades. The objective of the present research is stated in this chapter. Chapter 2 reviews the literature on different aspects of this study and presents the contribution by different researchers and deficiencies therein. Chapter 3 presents the methodology of the research in chronological order while describing the model hypothesis and formulation in detail. This chapter also includes the description of soft computing tools used in this research. Chapter 4 describes the formulation and empirical implementation of trip production and attraction analysis for Delhi Urban Area and computational results of this work are highlighted. Chapter 5 describes the formulation and empirical implementation of trip distribution analysis for Delhi Urban Area and computational results of this work are highlighted. Chapter 6 describes the formulation and empirical implementation of mode-choice behavior modelling for Delhi Urban Area .The computational results of this work are highlighted in this chapter. Chapter 7 highlights the comments and conclusion of the research work. This also highlights the utility of this research in industry and its future scope. 10. Bibliography [1]Rodrigue, J., Comtois, C. and Slack, B., (2006), â€Å"The Geography of Transport Systems†, Dept. of Economics Geography, Hofstra University [2]Delhi Transport. Delhi Govt. Retrieved 2014. [3]Anthony Chen et.al, â€Å"Forecasting Network Traffic for Small Communities in Utah†, Report No. UTC-1002, February 2012 [4]Dantzing, GB, 1951, Application of the simplex method to a transportation problem, Activity Analysis of production and allocation, TC. Doopmands(ed.), N.Y. Wiley [5]Peter Guller in SYNERGO, Planning Project Management Zurich, Switzerland. â€Å"Integration of Transport and Land- use planning in Japan: Relevant finding from Europe†, [6]Published in Workshop on Implementing sustainable Urban Travel Policies in Japan and other Asia-Pacific Countries, Tokyo, 2-3, March 2005. [7]Kiron Chatterjee Andrew Gordon 2006 , Transport in Great Britain in 2030, ELSEVIER Transport Policy Journal. [8]Levinson, David and Kumar, Ajay(1995) Activity, Travel, and the Allocation of Time, Journal of the American Planning Association [9]FHWA. Injuries to Pedestrians and Bicyclists: An Analysis Based on Hospital Emergency Department Data. Report No. FHWA-RD-99-078. Washington, DC: USDOT, 1999. [10]Wilmot et.al 2006, Modeling Hurricane Evacuation Traffic: Testing the Gravity and Intervening Opportunity Models as Models of Destination choice in Hurricane Evacuation, LTRC Project No. 03-1SS, State Project No. 736-99-1116, Louisiana Transportation Research Center. [11]Richter.et.al., Modelling Mode Choice in Passenger Transport with Integrated Hierarchical Information Integration Journal of Choice Modelling, 5(1), 2012, page no. 1-21 [12]Ekong Daniel et.al, Inter-Urban Trip Generation Models for the Urban Centers in AkwaIbom State, Nigeria, Journal of Civil and Environmental Research, Vol.3, 2013. 11. List of Publications Paper Title: ‘An Improved Modeling of Mode-Choice Behavior in Urban Areas Using Adaptive Neural Fuzzy Inference System’, is present and published in the proceeding of IEEE International Conference on â€Å"Computing for Sustainable Global Development 05-07 March 2014, New Delhi, published in IEEE Xplore. Paper Title: ‘Artificial Neural Network based model for traffic production and attraction: A case study of all the zones of Delhi Urban area ’, is present and published in the proceeding of IEEE International Conference on â€Å"Computing for Sustainable Global Development 05-07 March 2014, New Delhi, published in IEEE Xplore. Paper Title: ‘Trip distribution Model for Delhi Urban Area Using Genetic Algorithm’, is published in International Journal of Computer Engineering Science March 2012; Vol.2 Issue 3, page no.1-8. Paper Title: ‘A soft computing based model for traffic attraction: A case study of a segment of Delhi urban Area’ is published in Vision and Quest, Research Journal of Science Technology and Management, Issue Jan 2010, page no.42-46. Paper Title: ‘Traffic Generation Model for Delhi Urban Area Using Artificial Neural Network’, is published in BVICAM International Journal of Information Technology, December 2010; Vol.2 No.2, page no.239-244 and having impact factor 0.605. 1/12 (Shivendra Goel) Research Scholar, Shobhit University, Meerut.

A Critique of Thank You for Smoking? Essay -- Smoking Argumentative Es

A Critique of â€Å"Thank You for Smoking†¦.?† Peter Brimelow’s article â€Å"Thank You for Smoking†¦.?† is an essay that looks at a rather extreme perspective on smoking. Brimelow starts off by describing the many actions that are taken against the tobacco industry; he writes that in some states, the government is trying to make the tobacco industry pay certain health care costs. However, he then goes on to state that smoking may actually be good for one’s health. He uses various sources to show that smoking has positive effects on our bodies; he states the decrease in risk in numerous diseases. Brimelow uses medical journals to show that smoking decreases the risk of diseases like Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s. He also talks about some of the ways smoking enhances certain skills, â€Å"A battery of studies show that cigarettes really do stimulate alertness, dexterity and cognitive capacity† (Brimelow 141). Brimelow does pick a tough subject to talk about, but for the most part he does a good job writing his article and distributing information to the reader to support argument. In the beginning of Brimelow’s essay, he lists a number of organizations that are fighting against the tobacco industry, such as the Food & Drug Administration and the Environmental Protection Agency. Then out of nowhere he throws out his major claim, which is the thesis or the main point of the essay (McFadden 41). Every paper has a major claim; it is the central idea of the paper. The major claim says, â€Å"smoking might be, in some small ways, good for you† (Brimelow 141). This is a rather shocking thesis, due to the fact that generally when we think of smoking, we think of something very negative to a person’s health. Brimelow’s major claim is very difficu... ...own to be bad. However, even though the essay may not be persuasive in most cases, it is, for the most part, well written. Brimelow starts off the essay a little slow, he does not give the reader a sense of direction in the beginning, but the body definitely informs the reader. The body of the essay is filled with information supporting his thesis, and his values are very clear. His essay may not persuade many, but it is definitely informative and well written. Work Cited Brimelow, Peter. â€Å"Thank You for Smoking†¦.?† The Genre of Argument. Ed. Irene L. Clark. Boston: Thomson-Heinle, 1998. 141-142. Clark, Irene L. The Genre of Argument. Ed. Irene L. Clark. Boston: Thomson-Heinle, 1998. McFadden, James. The Toulmin Method: From Classical Logic to Modern Argumentation. [PowerPoint Slide.] 5 February, 2004. Buena Vista University. Storm Lake, IA.

TV Violence and the Future of Our Children :: essays research papers

TV Violence and the Future of Our Children In recent years, the news has seemed to mimic violence that appears in television and in movies. Several incidents support the majority of people's assumption that TV violence effects a child's behavior in many ways. A child's judgment is hurt badly by viewing TV violence, which can have some serious long-term effects. First of all, when children see characters on TV or in movies triumph by using physical force, they begin to see violence as an acceptable way of resolving conflicts. As a result, children use physical or verbal abuse toward others on the playground or at school. Some parents often worry that their children will not fit in with their friends if they do not watch popular children's television programs. The same 20-year research tell us that children who watch more violent television are actually rated more poorly by their peers. Also, according to Dr. Jeanne Beckman, children who spend more time watching violent TV programming are rated more poorly by their teachers, their peers, have few problem-solving skills, and are more likely to get into trouble with the law as teenagers and young adults. Take for instance the young boy who opened fire at his school in Pearl, Mississippi. The movie the Basketball Diaries had the most effect on this boy. Children who view too much media violence may have more difficulty getting along with others. If children do not see acts of kindness between other children and adults, they are less likely to be kind, or resolve their conflicts peacefully. This makes other children less eager to play with them. Along with verbal abuse, violent TV programs do not teach good language skills. Young children tend to repeat things they hear as they begin to develop their own vocabularies. Violent movies and TV programs show children a very limited way to talk about their problems -- and to solve them. Children are visual learners and television is more visual, more salient, more intense than simply reading a story to your child. Secondly, children may become less sensitive to the pain and suffering of others. Viewing violence encourages children to see other people as enemies rather than as individuals with thoughts and feelings like themselves. Children who cannot put themselves in others' shoes may become less desirable playmates. One perfect example that supports this idea is the Columbine High School tragedy in which two young men opened fire, detonated bombs, and killed several school mates and teachers.

Components needed to make a personal computer

Building a personal computer can be a rewarding experience in addition to saving costs. By building a personal computer, one can save up to 30% of the costs that would be incurred if the computer were purchased from a dealer.In building a personal computer, the first thing to do is to select a motherboard. To ensure that the PC will perform reliably, the motherboard used should be from a well-known manufacturer. The best-known motherboards for reliability are from Intel.Since a motherboard is such a critical part of a personal computer, it would be best to select it carefully and not necessarily go for the cheapest in the market. An ideal motherboard for a student personal computer would be the Intel Socket LGA775, which retails at GBP 80 and can be purchased online at http://www.newegg.comThe size of the personal computer will be determined by the case that the builder chooses. For a personal computer, the ideal is to go for a small a case as possible while taking care not to limit the number of components that can fit in the case. If the case is too small, it will not only limit the number of components that the computer can take but will also make it harder to keep the system properly cooled.Moreover, the fan in a small case will have to move faster than the fan in a larger case to appropriately cool the computer and this will result in the production of much noise. A smaller case also limits the options that the builder has in the routing of cables.All factors considered, a small case should be avoided as it turns to be less efficient and probably more expensive in the end. A standard mini or mid-tower case should be chosen. In any case, the case chosen should allow for addition of other components should the need arise for them in the future.The ideal case for a PC to be used by an undergraduate would be the Antec Sonata III, which is available from Amazon at GBP 88. This case is supplied together with a 500-watt power supply and can be purchased online at www.amazon.com.In building a personal computer, it is crucial to choose the processor carefully. For an undergraduate student who will use the PC to perform routine research work and probably write assignments, which will involve browsing the internet and checking email, a processor that would be adequate is the AMD Athlon XP. This costs about GBP 53.While it is important to confirm that machinery is in place to keep the CPU cool, all attempts should be made to obtain a cooler that does not generate too much noise. Reasonably priced CPU coolers ideal for a PC can be obtained from Dynatron. (www.dynatron-corp.com).This cooler is ideal for the 30W to 50W processors which could be used to make a PC. Other CPU coolers that could be used for the PC include the Zalman CNPS9500AT, which is available from Newegg at GBP 30. This cooler can be purchased online at http://www.newegg.com.When the PC is up and running and the fans become noisy, an inline resistor should be installed. This reduce s the voltage reaching the fan thereby reducing the noise that the fan produces. Suppliers of noise-reducing resistors include QuietPC USA (www.quietpcusa.com) and Endnoise.com (www.endnoise.com).

Some Companies Prohibit Their Employees from Facebook or Twitter

Social websites have been developing rapidly and become an important part of most people’s lives. They help people enlarge a huge web of relationships, stay connected with others from all over the world, and relax hours to hours at a minimal cost. However, some companies prohibit their employees from accessing social websites for a couple of reasons. First of all, prohibiting social websites at work facilitates companies to protect from the danger of information leakage. Some users of social websites such as Face-book or Twitter usually send links to their friends to share interesting news or funny video clips. Being aware of this, hackers start to make friends with the employees using Face-book or twitter, and then send them links, which probably contain viruses or spywares. If they succeed, those hackers will be able steal all of the secret information and new business strategies of the company. It is obvious that employers do not want their company’s secret plans lost, so the banning of social websites at work is an essential measure. The next reason for banning social websites at work is to maintain company’s image. Some companies, such as service companies, have a huge number of customers transacting every day. Read also Twitter Case Study If the customers accidentally see the employee’s screens being full of his personal pictures or commenting boxes of Face-book, they are likely to think that this company is a poor-quality company which is not strict or does not know how to train their staff. They do not rely on this company anymore; therefore, this company probably loses its prestige. The image is one of the most important standards determining the company’s success; thus, prohibiting social websites is very necessary. Productivity is also a good reason for prohibiting social websites at work. Doing two things at the same time, chatting and working, makes employees be pretty much distracted. Decreasing productivity is inevitable. For example, an accountant is working on some figures, but sometimes she stops to access Face-book to chat with her friends or upload her pictures. How can she be sure of the accuracy of the figures, which requires a high level of concentration while she is busy thinking about the appearance of a new friend, such as a hot guy, or about the comments on her photos? As a result, not only her work falls behind but also the company progress is delayed. Therefore, companies prohibit social websites at work. In brief, social websites have become a popular tendency in the world day by day. However, many companies prohibit their employees from logging into Face-book or twitter because they want to prevent the risk of information leakage, to save time for work, and to obtain the best labor productivity. This is a very important and necessary policy; therefore, it probably be applied at many companies soon. If you are a Face-book or twitter addict, and on the way looking for a job, you had better think twice before accessing a social website.

Burger King and Its Advertising Campaigns Essay

Burger King is a reliable burger company which has had its ups and downs. In 1974, it came out with a slogan of â€Å"Have it your way† and at this time it also had a 4 % market share. Burger King’s idea was to have the customer have their burger done their way rather than a standard burger. In the early 80’s Burger King was trying to keep sales growing so they had to keep changing their advertising. In 1982 â€Å"Battle of the burgers† and â€Å"Aren’t you hungry for a Burger king now? † were the slogans used. In 1983 â€Å"Broiling vs. frying† and 1985 â€Å"The big switch†. All these ads throughout the years helped increase market shares from 7. 6% to 8. 3% from 1983 to 1985. â€Å"Search for herb† was a slogan used by BK about a person that has never tasted a whopper burger, this campaign was supposed to increase market share by 10% but in reality only increased it by 1% it was a disaster. In 1986-1987 â€Å"this is a burger king town† and â€Å"best food for fast times† brought a lot of attention to the company. In 1988 â€Å"We do it like you do it† was used often but a year later they came out with two new slogans which confused the customer. In 1989 â€Å"Sometimes you gotta break the rules† and â€Å"BK tee vee† with MTV and Dan Cortese with â€Å"I love this place†. This was another huge setback for BK because people on the go and parents found this ad loud and irritating. BK at this time has failed to establish a solid image that would differentiate it from its competitors. Ads if anything only confused consumers as to what advantages BK offered. In 1993 it had a market share of 6. 1% were McDonalds had 15. 6% and BK’s sales were growing slower than its rivals. Failed advertising campaigns weren’t the only problem’s, they also had internal problems. Management lacked focus and direction and has struggled with marketing mix decisions. Franchises became confused and angered, service was slow and food preparation wasn’t consistent. Burger King lost its core product- flame broiled burgers, made the way the customer wanted them. Another thing that hurt them was the fact they didn’t lower prices to keep competing with their competitors this led to a below average sales growth. Many in store promotion also failed. In 1993 a new CEO was introduced, this allowed for huge turnaround and in fact it did. He helped please the franchises and responded to their problems and listened to their recommendations. Then later he lowered prices and hired a new advertising agency. 1. In reading this case analysis I figured Burger King to advertise the Whopper, but throughout the past years they didn’t do this. I figure the whopper or the flame broiled ads would have been more productive and probably would have resulted in greater sales margin. I also feel that the ads should have distinguished themselves from what other ads by letting the people know that burger king wasn’t just another standardized burger. Throughout the years, BK tried to establish the market by becoming someone they weren’t. I feel the ads used by BK should have been simple and to the point. This would have caused less confusion and more honesty with the customer, this is because you don’t want to advertise a pizza or a taco if your selling burgers. Other objectives BK wanted was to target teens with the MTV approach. This also failed because people found it loud and annoying. Then they tried a sit in type of restaurant, which also failed because people want a fast food low price meal not a high priced, sit down meal. Advertising is any paid form of non personal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods or services by an identified sponsor. Advertising is a good way to inform and persuade the customer. Advertising objectives are based on past decisions about the target market, positioning and target mix. There are five steps to making a major advertising decision these steps are as follows: Objective setting, Budget decisions, Message decision or media decision, and campaign evaluation. Along with these steps BK should also remember to inform, persuade, and to remind. These three are a must that a company should aim at, for example: in informing BK used the ad â€Å"Broiling vs. frying† in 1983 letting the consumer know that their burgers were broiled and not fried. In persuading, I think BK over did it and that is why I feel that they didn’t retain market share. They tried to be someone they weren’t with slogans like â€Å"search for herb† in 85 and many others like â€Å"BK Tee Vee† trying to persuade the younger generation and â€Å"Sometimes you gotta break the rules†. These slogans and more tried to persuade the consumer. In reminding their customers BK has done a good job. They’ve at least expanded nationally and internationally and always have commercials everywhere with a juicy whopper on the screen, reminding the viewer that BK is the only place a whopper is made. 2. BK’s past advertising and corporate strategy failed because BK did the two biggest mistakes they could have done. First they didn’t listen to the customer and second they didn’t advertise their main product a maintain a target market. In not accomplishing any of these two strategies in the past it allowed their rivals to get a lead on them. In 1993 McDonalds, for example, had a market share of 15. 6 percent compared to BK’s 6. 1 percent. This is because they established their market and didn’t try to invent new strategies. Burger King started to lose market shares when it first came out with the search for herb, and then it declined again when it tried to target the teenage generation rather than staying loyal to the general customer. It tried targeting the younger generation through MTV. This became insulting and irritating to the old customers and to the quiet more relaxed people and even all the young children who prefer clowns than some man screaming on TV . BK did not listen to its customer, they tried to establish a restaurant type of business, rather than their fast food burgers. Fast food patrons really wanted low prices and quick but high quality food, not a higher priced, sit down meal. The corporate strategy and the past advertising wasn’t the only problem and wasn’t the only one at fault for BK’s failure. They also had internal problems. Management has had troubles with the market mix decisions. Service was slow and food preparation was inconsistent and many stores needed remodeling. BK didn’t focus on its burger ,instead they were trying to experiment with pizza’s and ice cream. This caused confusion ,and confusion brings problems. To add to the problems BK was more expensive than McDonalds or Wendy’s combos, which was also hurt sales for Burger King. 3. For the new advertising campaign I would personally target the young and the old generation. I would also be very health conscious and try to establish myself as an environment safe corporation. Burger King is huge, they have the ability to do what they please, but they better make sure the customer are happy. I would make new slogans, and put new ideas for kids and grown ups to enjoy. I remember when I was growing up I used to love going to Burger King for a burger and getting a little toy. Now, you get a toy but the prices are so high you really end up paying for it anyway. I wouldn’t leave out the teenage to mid- twenty’s crowd, but I feel they are less influence by ads and specials, they will buy what is probably better and cheaper. Besides if you target them when they are small growing up then when they already grow they look they like you anyway. That is why you have to target the young and make sure you are good to them. New slogans are hard to come by in specially into this society where you better watch what you say or you will get suit. I do not really believe in slogans, I personally rather buy quality than to hear how good it could be. For me seeing is believing and I do not believe everything I hear. 4. I recommend a couple of things for Burger King to do. One has already been accomplish, this was I would first change the CEO. In this case Jim Adamson stepped in July 1991, since then Burger King has made a turn around. He listened and responded to franchise problems and recommendations. He locked into a strategy of concentrating on BK’s core products flame broiled, bigger burgers. He launched a new pricing structure which will compete with that of McDonald’s. Burger King also needed to get some effective advertising, and I believe Mr. Adamson also accomplished this, seeing BK has grown since 1991. He went back to the basics which I think was the most important part of a Company’s rebuilding, because this how you got to where you are and if all else fails, it’s like starting again with experience. BK became known as â€Å"The voice of the people† opposed to McDonald’s been known as the voice of the Corporation. I also feel BK advertising has improved. Now you see burgers on TV compare to Dan Cortese a couple of years ago. You also see people having a good time and eating a whopper. I feel Burger King is a company with many obstacles but it is also a company that if is stuck to its basic game plan, it could regain a great deal of the market share. If I was to give a recommendation it would probably be for BK to stay been loyal to your customers and to try to keep the market share.

The sweetest dreams inn Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The sweetest dreams inn - Coursework Example With the objective of accomplish its mission and vision of getting superior; its services offered a well enhancing capability of its services. The industry needs a most accurate strategic plan on the basis of day to day examination of the threats faced in the business. Well-organized and efficient strategic plan requires significant declaration from the trade by way of the expenses and time. Mai Phan is attempting to make a decision to build some minor alterations in the usual method of operation in the Sweetest Dreams Inn motel. It is mainly because the current process of the Sweetest Dreams Inn motel leads to money loss. But, joining any of the novel chains will require a comprising novel capital asset that will also lead to the significant change in the motel. One of the major advent is that, it does not necessitate chief capital assets by Phan. Mai Phan, after his good career as production manager in a large industrial machinery firm, bought the 60-room motel Sweetest Dreams Inn in a tourist area. There are several types of motels in that resort area. There was heavy traffic in the interstate highway which will block the proper site of his Inn and that place is not fully developed. Mai Phan wished to promote his Sweetest Dream Inn into a very big firm. But, he knows that the strategy with him is not enough to maintain a large resort motel. He is having different ideas by visiting different motels. He found that the people are more fond of simple modern rooms with standard bath facilities, comfortable bed and free cable TVs for their recreation. Even though he felt a restaurant is difficult to manage in a motel, he was ready to give free breakfast services for his customers. After two years, Mai Phan found his occupancy rate is less compa red to the other motels. Mai Phan tried to attract the visitors by offering the motel at modest prices by avoiding the unnecessary expenses. Then also he found some

The Baptism of Pocahontas by John Gadsby Chapman Essay

The Baptism of Pocahontas by John Gadsby Chapman - Essay Example Both "The Warning of Powhatan" and "The Crowning of Powhatan" were displayed at the National Academy of Design in New York in the year 1836. His Landing at Jamestown and The Crowning of Powhatan were later imprinted in the 1840s for accepted magazines. Chapman's companion Henry Alexander Wise had set up a decree in the United States House of Representatives in the year 1834 to structure a committee to choose American artists to complete the United States Capitol Rotunda cycle commenced by John Trumbull. On 28 February 1837 the Select Committee opted Robert Weir, John Vanderlyn, Henry Inman, and John G. Chapman to paint sight from American history. According to his agreement, Chapman entertained $10,000 in four payments. The completed painting, The Baptism of Pocahontas, was revealed on 30 November 1840 and was escorted by a leaflet elucidating the artist's approach to the theme and a concise history of Pocahontas as well as the Jamestown colony. John Gadsby Chapman sought to use the Jamestown legend as a paradigm of the confrontation between English settlers and Native Americans. His Baptism of, installed in the U.S. Capitol rotunda in 1840, combined historical mythmaking, concerns about the fate of the "noble savage," and respect for the Virginia heritage. Like Custis, the artist had deep roots in the Virginia soil; his father, Charles, came from an old Prince William County family; his maternal grandfather, John Gadsby, owned the famous Alexandria tavern that is now a Virginia landmark. Born near there in 1808, Chapman grew up with Mount Vernon and its powerful Washington legacy a few miles to the south and the newly constructed federal city taking shape upriver on the Potomac. Both were to have a profound effect on his future ambitions. During a brief and futile attempt to study law in Winchester, Virginia, he formed a close friendship with future Virginia congressman and Governor Henry Alexander Wise2. In 1828, the youn g artist toured Europe, there enriching his artistic education while making friends with such notables as James Fenimore Cooper, Samuel F.B. Morse, and the sculptor Horatio Greenough. Chapman might have taken advantage of such influential friends to help him launch his career in New York upon his return in 1831. Instead he chose to settle in Virginia, where he eked out scant living painting portraits. (Alexandria Gazette, 1832) During his youth, Chapman had witnessed the rebuilding of the Capitol after its destruction during the War of 1812 and had later watched John Trumbull install his four Revolutionary War paintings in the rotunda. Hoping one day to create a similar "national picture" for the Capitol, he began to contact influential politicians and exhibit his paintings around the District of Columbia3. By this time, Chapman had moved to New York City, where he was establishing a creditable reputation as a printmaker and illustrator. As soon as he returned home, the artist began painting episodes from the Pocahontas saga, the first being two small canvases -- The Coronation of Powhatan and The Warning of Pocahontas -- which he exhibited at the National Academy of Design in 1836. In 1837, he composed his own version of the famous rescue scene, Pocahontas Saving the Life of Captain John Smith and between 1839 and 1841; he

English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 11

English - Essay Example Following her introduction to this organization during a stay in Europe, Clara Barton was the sole advocate for starting Red Cross chapters in America. She often stood alone in this quest. But standing alone for something she believed in was not a new experience for Clara Barton. Her first job in Washington D.C. was a clerk in the patent office, where she worked side-by-side with men. She caused scandal by being so proficient in her labors that her boss rewarded her with the same pay as her male co-workers. This made Clara Barton the target of what we would refer to today as sexual harassment (Stivers). She stood up to her male detractors and earned the respect of her boss. This was an incredible achievement and required a lot of dedication and persuasion during this period of time. She was given the title â€Å"Angel of the Battle Field† because she took care of the wounded soldiers during Civil War. She served on some of the bloodiest battlefields, including Antietam, Fredericksburg, Petersburg and the Battle of the Wilderness (Oates). She risked everything, including her own life to care for the injured and dying soldiers she tended to. This shows her selfless attitude towards other human beings. She did not even care for her own life because she was so dedicated to serving others. Clara Barton was a very human individual, however. She was not perfect in her interactions with others and in her personal relationships. Some feel that par of her drive to succeed and accomplish great things was rooted in the fact that she was often given to bouts of depression when she was not fighting for a cause (Burton). This depression did not keep her from greatness. In 1861 Clara Barton, she was appointed as the Superintendent of Nurses and in the year 1869 she again served the soldiers in the Franco- Prussian War. The year 1873 saw her return to United States where she began to organize the Red Cross. It took almost seven years for her to start the Red